Entrepreneurship has become a crucial and vital component in the growth of national economies, with micro and small enterprises (SMEs) serving as the biggest employment creators in both emerging and developed economies throughout the world. SMEs drive the economy and are essential for enhancing innovation, competitiveness, and entrepreneurship. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) account for the dominant share of private sector employment, particularly in countries like Egypt that have a large informal sector. In Egypt, MSMEs comprise 75% of all private sector employment and 80% of the national GDP.
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